苏南地区近20年城市用地扩展的特点与问题   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

张落成  吴楚材  姚士谋 《地理科学进展》2003,22(6):639-645

城市用地规模扩大和结构演变是城市化过程在空间地域上所反映的重要特征。随着城市人口快速增长、经济建设和各项事业的不断发展,城市用地规模迅速扩大,城乡用地矛盾也日趋突出,尤其是本来人多地少的苏南地区更是如此。本文试图通过近20年苏州、无锡和常州三市用地扩展和结构演变特点、问题和发展趋势分析,探讨城市建设用地扩展的宏观调控对策,为城乡土地规划和管理提供决策参考。  相似文献   

气候与环境预测和调控中的数学问题   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

曾庆存 《气候与环境研究》2002,7(1):1-6

数学无所不在,现代科学与数学的发展是相互促进的,未能用严谨的数学方式表达的科学问题难于说是属于现代科学范畴的,现代的数学方法与现代提出的科学问题密切地结合是解决问题的关键.作者论述了现代的气候与环境预测和调控中的一些重要的数学问题,其中第一个问题即预测问题,也包括数值天气预测等在内.在这方面论述的问题有预测问题提法的适定性;非线性系统的分叉、混沌、突变等和可预测时效的关系;不完整的观测资料四维同化问题;不同分辨率模式的嵌套问题;和数值求解的算法问题.第二个问题是自然环境的调控或即自然控制论,举例分析了人工影响天气、改良局部气候、泥沙冲淤调控和最优航道工程、以及生态建设规划等问题.    相似文献   

南京地铁稳定性优势面理论分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

庄乾城  罗国煜  李晓昭  严三保 《高校地质学报》2002,8(4):453-459

以南京地铁为例,运用优势面理论分析方法,对控制城市浅埋隧道稳定性的优势断裂进行了分析。并对土体中具有规模效应的构筑物的稳定性分析发展了一套工程地质层组划分和优势层判定的分析方法。通过对南京地铁场区优势断裂和优势层的分析。确定南京－湖熟断裂和定淮门－彭楼断裂为控制场址区工程地基稳定性的场区优势断裂,并控制着鼓楼岗和小红山地铁隧道的稳定性;地铁隧道在土层中最佳持力层为O3的硬粘土层Ⅲ1,其次为Q3的软粘土层Ⅲ2。敏感层为Q3的软粘土层Ⅱ2和饱和松砂层Ⅱ4,在保证工程的稳定性和经济的可行性情况下,地铁隧道的底部标高以－5－－15m为宜。  相似文献   

Very high-frequency and seasonal cave atmosphere P_CO2 variability: Implications for stalagmite growth and oxygen isotope-based paleoclimate records     

James U.L. Baldini  Frank McDermott  Dirk L. Hoffmann  David A. Richards  Nicholas Clipson 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):118-129

Cave air P_CO2 at two Irish sites varied dramatically on daily to seasonal timescales, potentially affecting the timing of calcite deposition and consequently climate proxy records derived from stalagmites collected at the same sites. Temperature-dependent biochemical processes in the soil control CO₂ production, resulting in high summer P_CO2 values and low winter values at both sites. Large Large-amplitude, high-frequency variations superimposed on this seasonal cycle reflect cave air circulation. Here we model stalagmite growth rates, which are controlled partly by CO₂ degassing rates from drip water, by considering both the seasonal and high-frequency cave air P_CO2 variations. Modeled hourly growth rates for stalagmite CC-Bil from Crag Cave in SW Ireland reach maxima in late December (0.063 μm h^− 1) and minima in late June/early July (0.033 μm h^− 1). For well-mixed ‘diffuse flow’ cave drips such as those that feed CC-Bil, high summer cave air P_CO2 depresses summer calcite deposition, while low winter P_CO2 promotes degassing and enhances deposition rates. In stalagmites fed by well-mixed drips lacking seasonal variations in δ¹⁸O, integrated annual stalagmite calcite δ¹⁸O is unaffected; however, seasonality in cave air P_CO2 may influence non-conservative geochemical climate proxies (e.g., δ¹³C, Sr/Ca). Stalagmites fed by ‘seasonal’ drips whose hydrochemical properties vary in response to seasonality may have higher growth rates in summer because soil air P_CO2 may increase relative to cave air P_CO2 due to higher soil temperatures. This in turn may bias stalagmite calcite δ¹⁸O records towards isotopically heavier summer drip water δ¹⁸O values, resulting in elevated calcite δ¹⁸O values compared to the ‘equilibrium’ values predicted by calcite–water isotope fractionation equations. Interpretations of stalagmite-based paleoclimate proxies should therefore consider the consequences of cave air P_CO2 variability and the resulting intra-annual variability in calcite deposition rates.  相似文献   

Possible link between multi-decadal climate cycles and periodic reversals of solar magnetic field polarity     

Hiroko Miyahara  Yusuke Yokoyama  Kimiaki Masuda 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):290-295

The linkage between multi-decadal climate variability and activity of the sun has been long debated based upon observational evidence from a large number of instrumental and proxy records. It is difficult to evaluate the exact role of each of solar parameters on climate change since instrumentally measured solar related parameters such as Total Solar irradiance (TSI), Ultra Violet (UV), solar wind and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) fluxes are more or less synchronized and only extend back for several decades. Here we report tree-ring carbon-14 based record of 11-year/22-year solar cycles during the Maunder Minimum (17th century) and the early Medieval Maximum Period (9–10th century) to reconstruct the state of the sun and the flux of incoming GCRs. The result strongly indicates that the influence of solar cycles on climate is persistent beyond the period after instrumental observations were initiated. We find that the actual lengths of solar cycles vary depending on the status of long-term solar activity, and that periodicity of the surface air temperatures are also changing synchronously. Temperature variations over the 22-year cycles seem, in general, to be more significant than those associated with the 11-year cycles and in particular around the grand solar minima such as the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715 AD). The polarity dependence of cooling events found in this study suggests that the GCRs can not be excluded from the possible drivers of decadal to multi-decadal climate change.  相似文献   

滴哨沟湾地层沉积特征记录的毛乌素沙漠变迁   总被引：15，自引：12，他引：3  

靳鹤龄  董光荣  左昕昕 《中国沙漠》2008,28(6):1064-1072

毛乌素沙漠的盛衰变化明显地受到全球变化特别是东亚夏季风变化的影响。根据毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾地层沉积物的物质组成、粒度参数等,结合孢粉研究结果,将沙漠演化过程划分为若干阶段：中更新世晚期沙漠萎缩期,气候温暖半干旱-半湿润,沙漠缩小,为森林草原或灌丛草原;中更新世晚期沙漠稳定期,气候在寒冷干旱-半干旱间波动频繁,自然景观在荒漠、荒漠草原与干草原间变化,并有河流和小湖存在;晚更新世早期沙漠固定期,气候温暖半湿润至半干旱,期间自然景观经历了森林草原、灌丛草原、草原、荒漠草原多种变化;晚更新世晚期沙漠扩张期,气候干旱寒冷,自然景观以荒漠和荒漠草原为主,同时也有草原乃至灌丛草原出现;全新世沙漠频繁变化期,气候变化频繁,沙漠出现多次盛衰变化,自然景观在荒漠、荒漠草原、草原、疏林草原间变化。  相似文献   

长江三角洲城市带扩展对区域温度变化的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杜银  谢志清  曾燕  施雅风  武金岗 《地理学报(英文版)》2007,17(4):387-398

Based on non-radiance-calibrated DMSP/OLS nighttime light imagery from 1992 to 2003, urban land area statistical data, meteorological data and land surface temperature data retrieved by MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data, the influence of urbanization on regional cli- matic trend of temperature in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was analyzed. Conclusions are as follows: 1) There is a significant urbanization process from 1992 to 2003 in the YRD. Four city clusters of Nanjing–Zhenjiang–Yangzhou, Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay form a zigzag city belt. The increase rate of annual mean air temperature in city-belt is 0.28–0.44℃/10a from 1991 to 2005, which is far larger than that of non-city-belt. 2) The urban heat island (UHI) effect on regional mean air temperature in different seasons is summer>autumn>spring>winter. 3) The UHI intensity and the urban total population logarithm are creditably correlated. 4) The UHI effect made the regional annual mean air temperature increased 0.072℃ from 1961 to 2005, of which 0.047℃ from 1991 to 2005, and the annual maximum air temperature increased 0.162℃, of which 0.083℃ from 1991 to 2005. All these indicating that the urban expansion in the YRD from 1991 to 2005 may be regarded as a serious climate signal.  相似文献   

45a来塔里木河流域气温、降水变化及其对积雪面积的影响   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

徐长春  陈亚宁  李卫红  陈亚鹏 《冰川冻土》2007,29(2):183-190

对塔里木河流域19个台站45 a(1958-2002年)的气温、降水序列进行非参数检验,查明其变化趋势及特征,在此基础上,对近20 a(1982-2001年)流域的积雪面积(SCA,%)变化进行趋势与相关分析.结果表明:流域的气温和降水均在20世纪80年代中期发生了阶段式的跳跃增长,气温和降水增加的主要季节分别为冬季和夏季.流域总体的积雪面积呈缓慢增加态势,其中北区和西区增加较为稳定,而南区相对不稳定.在垂直方向上,海拔<2 500 m的区域积雪面积表现缓慢增加,而海拔≥2 500 m的区域则减少.相比较,低海拔区域更易受降水影响,而高海拔区域更易受气温影响.海拔2 500~5 000 m的高度带是对气候变化较为敏感的区域.20世纪90年代与80年代相比,降雪和融雪的速度都更快.积雪与冷季降水呈正相关,但与冷季气温没有明显的相关关系.  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川不同时期雪层剖面及成冰带对比研究   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  

李传金  李忠勤  王飞腾  尤晓妮 《冰川冻土》2007,29(2):169-175

对20世纪60年代、80年代和21世纪初天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(以下简称1号冰川)雪层剖面特征、成冰带的对比分析研究,发现自20世纪60年代以来,1号冰川雪层剖面厚度明显减薄,结构变得简单,各层界限变得模糊.成冰带类型及其分布发生了明显变化,60年代存在于冷气候条件下的冷渗浸带,80年代被渗浸带所替代.21世纪初,1号冰川成冰带变化更为显著,尤其是东支,顶部已具有消融带特征.研究表明,20世纪80年代以来河源区气候变暖是导致上述变化的主要原因.  相似文献   

山地冰川平衡线高度作为气候变化代用指标的讨论   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

鞠远江  刘耕年  魏遐 《冰川冻土》2007,29(4):613-616

对以平衡线高度作为气候变化代用指标的理论依据进行了讨论,依据天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川的大量观测资料,建立和完善现代冰川平衡线高度与气候统计关系,从传统方法以区域范围内气候因子为参数改造为以冰川范围内气候因子为参数,通过检验认为改造后的公式比较合理.将公式外推到小冰期第二次冰进时的1号冰川,并运用侧碛垄最大高度法确定了小冰期第二次冰进时冰川的平衡线高度,给出了该次冰进时气候条件的半定量推算结果.证明利用山地冰川平衡线高度作为气候变化的代用指标,并且对气候状况进行半定量推断是可行的.  相似文献